Warm the milk to 110–115°F (about as warm as a hot bath — not steaming).
Stir in the espresso powder until dissolved.
Sprinkle the yeast over the milk and whisk gently.
Let it sit for 5 minutes, or until the top looks foamy and bubbly.
If it doesn’t foam, your milk may have been too hot or too cold — start over for best results.
Mix the Dough
Add the eggs, softened butter, granulated sugar, and salt into the bowl with the yeast mixture.
Mix until mostly combined — it’s okay if the butter stays a little lumpy at this stage.
Add the 3 1/2 cups of the flour. Fold into the wet ingredients until loosely combined.
Let the dough rest for 5 minutes (this helps the flour hydrate and makes kneading easier).
Knead the Dough
Knead by hand or with a mixer for 5–7 minutes, adding the last cup of flour while doing so.
The dough should become soft, smooth, and slightly tacky but not overly sticky.
If it sticks heavily to your hands, sprinkle in 1 tablespoon of flour at a time until it’s manageable.
Shape into a ball and place it back in the bowl.
First Rise
Cover the bowl with a clean towel or plastic wrap.
Let the dough rise for 30 minutes, or until noticeably puffier (it may not double yet — that’s okay).
Place the bowl somewhere warm, like on top of the oven while it preheats or near a sunny window.
Make the Espresso Filling
In a small bowl, mix the softened butter, brown sugar, espresso powder, cocoa powder, and vanilla.
Stir until it becomes a smooth, spreadable paste.
Roll Out the Dough
Lightly flour your counter.
Roll the dough into a large rectangle (about 12×18 inches).
Spread the mocha filling evenly all over the dough, reaching all the way to the edges for even flavor.
Shape the Rolls
Starting from the long side, roll the dough tightly into a log.
Use a sharp knife or unflavored dental floss to slice into 12 large rolls. Alternatively, slice the dough lengthwise into 2 1/2 inch strips, and roll each slab of dough individually to create the perfect swirl.
Place the rolls into a greased 9×13-inch baking dish.
Second Rise
Cover the rolls and let them rise for 30 more minutes.
They should look puffier and fill more of the pan.
Cream Pour + Bake
Warm the heavy cream slightly so it isn’t cold.
Gently pour it over and around the rolls — this helps them bake extra soft and gooey.
Bake at 375°F for 25–30 minutes, or until the tops are lightly golden but still soft.
Don’t overbake or they’ll lose their gooey texture.
Make the Mascarpone Frosting
Beat the cream cheese and mascarpone cheese until creamy.
Add the powdered sugar and mix until smooth.
Add the vanilla and heavy cream, then whip until the frosting becomes fluffy and spreadable.
Coffee Soak
Brew 1 cup of coffee or espresso during the last 5 minutes of the rolls bake.
As soon as the rolls come out of the oven, pour the coffee on top of the rolls evenly, letting it soak into the rolls.
Let sit for a few minutes.
Frost the Rolls
Spread the mascarpone frosting over the warm rolls.
Just like tiramisu, use a sifter to dust the rolls with cocoa powder.